What Drugs Are on a 5-Panel Drug Test?

The Standard 5-Panel Test

The 5-panel drug test screens for five categories of controlled substances. It is the federally mandated panel for DOT drug testing and the most common panel for pre-employment screening. The five panels are:

1. Marijuana (THC)

Tests for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active compound in cannabis. Note: the test detects metabolites — compounds the body produces when processing THC — not active impairment. THC metabolites can remain detectable for days or weeks after use.

Important: Despite state legalization in many states, marijuana remains a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law. DOT testing does not recognize medical marijuana as a valid medical explanation for a positive result.

2. Cocaine

Tests for benzoylecgonine, the primary metabolite of cocaine. Cocaine metabolites typically clear from urine within 2–4 days for occasional users.

3. Opiates

The standard 5-panel tests for morphine, codeine, and heroin metabolites (6-acetylmorphine). Some panels also include hydrocodone and hydromorphone depending on the cutoff levels used.

4. Amphetamines

Tests for amphetamine and methamphetamine. This panel can return positive results for people with legitimate prescriptions for Adderall, Vyvanse, or similar medications — which is why MRO review exists.

5. Phencyclidine (PCP)

Tests for PCP (angel dust). PCP use has declined significantly, but it remains in the standard federal panel.

Cutoff Levels

Drug tests use cutoff concentrations to reduce false positives from trace environmental exposure. The initial screening uses an immunoassay. Specimens that exceed the screening cutoff are sent for confirmatory testing using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which is highly accurate.

Why Prescriptions Matter

A positive laboratory result for amphetamines, opiates, or other substances with legitimate prescription uses doesn't automatically become a verified positive. The MRO reviews each positive and contacts the donor to determine if a valid prescription exists. If confirmed, the result is reported as negative.

Oral Fluid vs. Urine

The standard 5-panel test is typically a urine test. Oral fluid (saliva) 5-panel tests are now authorized for federal DOT testing as of 2023, pending individual agency implementation. Oral fluid tests have a shorter detection window, making them better at detecting recent use.

When Employers Need More Than 5 Panels

The 5-panel test does not screen for benzodiazepines, barbiturates, MDMA, fentanyl, or many other substances. Employers who want broader coverage should consider a 10-panel test or a customized panel.

At Do It Right Screening, we offer 5-panel, 10-panel, and custom drug testing panels. Contact us to design a testing program that fits your workplace requirements.